Herbal Monograph: Boswellia serrata

Family

Burseraceae

Actions

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic, astringent, expectorant (Siddiqui, 2011)

Energetics

Warming, drying (Pole, 2013)

Chemical Constituents

• Boswellic acids (β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid)
• Essential oils (α-thujene, α-pinene, limonene)
• Pentacyclic triterpenes
• Tetracyclic triterpenes
• Polysaccharides

The boswellic acids, particularly acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), are considered the primary active compounds responsible for many of Indian frankincense’s biological activities (Ammon, 2006).

Part of Plant Used

Gum resin

Uses

• Supports healthy inflammatory response
• Promotes joint health
• Supports respiratory wellness
• Promotes digestive health
• Supports healthy skin function
• Promotes cognitive function

A comprehensive review by Togni et al. (2017) highlighted Indian frankincense’s potential in supporting various aspects of health, particularly in joint and inflammatory wellness.

Contraindications

• Pregnancy and lactation (due to insufficient safety data)
• Gastric or duodenal ulcers
• Scheduled surgery (within two weeks)

Side Effects

• Potential for mild gastrointestinal discomfort
• Nausea in some individuals
• Allergic skin reactions (rare)

While generally well-tolerated, these side effects have been noted in some individuals (Ernst, 2008).

Interactions with Other Drugs

• May interact with anti-inflammatory preparations
• May interact with anticoagulant preparations
• May affect the metabolism of drugs processed by cytochrome P450 enzymes

Caution is advised when combining Indian frankincense with these types of preparations due to potential interactions (Abdel-Tawab et al., 2011).

Dosage

• Standardized extract (containing 30-65% boswellic acids): 300-500 mg, two to three times daily
• Gum resin: 1200-3000 mg daily, divided into three doses

Clinical studies have used a wide range of doses, typically 300-1200 mg of standardized extract daily for various applications (Siddiqui, 2011).

Mode of Administration

Oral consumption as capsules, tablets, or gum resin. Topical application in creams or ointments.

Duration of Administration

Can be used for 8-12 weeks continuously. For long-term use, consult with a qualified herbalist.

Risks

• Potential for increased bleeding risk at high doses
• May cause skin irritation in some individuals when applied topically
• Theoretical risk of interactions with certain medications

A review by Ernst (2008) emphasized the importance of considering individual health conditions and potential interactions when using Indian frankincense therapeutically.

Perfumery

In the world of perfumery, incense holds a special place. When used in the form of essence or absolute, it imparts a unique and captivating scent. The aroma is woody, with a hint of minerality and subtle spicy undertones. It’s a scent that transports me to another time and place, evoking a sense of spirituality and reverence.

Incense

Burning incense is a significant source of indoor pollution. The main volatile pollutants emitted by incense are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. fr.wikipedia.org/

Recipes

1. Frankincense Tea

• 1/2 teaspoon powdered frankincense resin
• 1 cup hot water
• Honey to taste (optional)
  Steep for 5-10 minutes, strain, and enjoy.

1. Joint Support Blend

• 2 parts Indian frankincense powder
• 1 part turmeric powder
• 1 part ginger powder
  Mix powders and take 1/2 teaspoon with warm water or add to food.

1. Frankincense Massage Oil

• 10 drops frankincense essential oil
• 2 tablespoons carrier oil (e.g., jojoba or almond oil)
  Mix oils and apply to affected areas for joint or muscle discomfort.

Remember to always consult with a qualified herbalist before incorporating new herbs into your wellness routine, especially if you have existing health concerns or are taking other preparations.

How the West’s Wellness Industry Is Driving Ethiopia’s Frankincense Trees Towards Extinction. The Guardian. September 16, 2024. As Western demand for frankincense skyrockets, the overharvesting of the resin is pushing wild frankincense trees toward extinction, while those collecting it in impoverished regions see little profit and face violence and exploitation.

Return to: A Wise Woman’s Guide to Reducing Inflammation with Herbs, Foods, and Lifestyle

References

Abdel-Tawab, M., Werz, O., & Schubert-Zsilavecz, M. (2011). Boswellia serrata: an overall assessment of in vitro, preclinical, pharmacokinetic and clinical data. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 50(6), 349-369. https://doi.org/10.2165/11586800-000000000-00000

Ammon, H. P. (2006). Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Medica, 72(12), 1100-1116. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-947227

Ernst, E. (2008). Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ, 337, a2813. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2813

Pole, S. (2013). Ayurvedic Medicine: The Principles of Traditional Practice. Singing Dragon.

Siddiqui, M. Z. (2011). Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 73(3), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.93507

Togni, S., Maramaldi, G., Bonetta, A., Giacomelli, L., & Di Pierro, F. (2017). Clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of Boswellia-based cream for prevention of adjuvant radiotherapy skin damage in mammary carcinoma: a randomized placebo controlled trial. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19(8), 1395-1402.